Dental sealants are a simple yet highly effective preventive treatment for protecting teeth against cavities. These liquid coatings are applied to the chewing surfaces of your teeth—especially molars and premolars—where they harden into a durable barrier. While sealants are especially popular for children and teens, adults who are prone to cavities or have deep grooves in their back teeth can benefit as well. In this article, we’ll discuss what sealants are, how they work, and why they’re a key tool in the fight against tooth decay.
What Are Dental Sealants?
Dental sealants are thin, plastic-like coatings painted onto the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars. Because these back teeth contain tiny pits and grooves, they are more susceptible to trapping food particles and plaque, even with regular brushing. By filling in these crevices, sealants create a smoother surface that’s easier to clean, effectively lowering the risk of cavities.
Why Sealants Matter
Pits and fissures on molars are prime spots for decay. Sealants shield these areas from bacteria and debris, reducing the likelihood of cavities. Studies show that sealants can prevent up to 80% of cavities in the first two years after application and still offer about 50% protection for up to four years. Applying sealants early can save you or your child from costly and uncomfortable treatments later on.
Who Benefits from Sealants?
Children and teens typically receive sealants when their permanent molars first erupt. However, adults with deep grooves in their back teeth or a history of cavities can also see significant benefits. Sealants are most effective when placed before decay sets in, but they can sometimes halt early-stage decay by preventing bacterial infiltration.
How Sealants Work
Sealants act as a barrier that prevents bacteria from entering the small crevices where decay often starts. This smooth, protective layer helps keep teeth cleaner and healthier over time.
Sealant Application Process
- Cleaning the tooth: A dentist or hygienist begins by thoroughly removing plaque and debris.
- Etching: The tooth surface is slightly roughened with a special solution, ensuring the sealant adheres firmly.
- Applying the sealant: The liquid sealant is brushed onto the chewing surface, filling every nook and cranny.
- Curing: A special light hardens the sealant, creating a tough, protective shield over the tooth.
This quick, pain-free procedure usually completes in a single dental appointment.
Longevity of Sealants
Sealants can last anywhere from five to 10 years, but they’re not permanent. Factors like diet, oral hygiene habits, and wear-and-tear can affect their lifespan. Dentists check sealants during routine visits and may recommend reapplication as needed.
Benefits of Dental Sealants
- Cavity prevention: Sealants drastically reduce the risk of decay in back teeth by sealing out plaque and food particles.
- Quick, painless application: The sealant process is fast and non-invasive, making it suitable for patients of all ages.
- Cost-effective: Investing in sealants can save money in the long run by preventing the need for fillings or crowns.
- Minimal upkeep: Sealants require no special care aside from standard brushing, flossing, and routine dental checkups.
Using Sealants on Existing Decay
Though most effective on healthy, decay-free teeth, sealants can also help slow or halt early decay. If a cavity has begun but hasn’t penetrated deep into the enamel, sealants may prevent further bacterial damage.
Safety of Sealants
Dental sealants have been used safely for decades, and the materials involved are approved by dental associations. Side effects are rare, and the protective benefits far outweigh any minimal risks.
Maintaining Your Sealants
- Brush twice daily: Use fluoride toothpaste to clear away plaque on other areas of the teeth.
- Floss daily: Sealants don’t replace flossing, which removes debris from between the teeth and at the gumline.
- Avoid biting hard objects: Chewing ice, pens, or other hard items can damage sealants.
- Regular dental checkups: Your dentist will confirm that sealants remain intact and may recommend touch-ups if necessary.
Conclusion
Dental sealants offer a straightforward and effective way to guard teeth—especially for children and adolescents—against cavities. By forming a strong barrier on chewing surfaces, sealants decrease the risk of decay and simplify cleaning. They’re quick to apply, long-lasting, and suitable for patients of all ages who want to bolster their defense against cavities. If you or your child is at increased risk for tooth decay, ask your dentist whether sealants are an appropriate addition to your oral care plan.